TITLE:
Development and Validation of Self-Esteem Scale Adapted for Chinese and Pakistani Adolescents
AUTHORS:
Mona Aeysha Khalid, Muhammad Abiodullah, Afzal Tanveer, Tariq Mahmood
KEYWORDS:
Self-Esteem, Self Concept, Adolescents, Self-Evaluations, Self Image
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Social Sciences,
Vol.11 No.4,
April
19,
2023
ABSTRACT: Self-evaluation is defined as the relative goodness
people attach to themselves or what they believe others attach to them. It is a
socially constructed ideal or multifaceted social construct on which we base
our evaluations. This study aimed to determine the validity, reliability, and
factor structure of the self-esteem scale developed for Pakistani and Chinese
adolescents. The findings revealed that overall, Chinese global self-esteem was
higher than Pakistanis global self-esteem. Pakistani boys’ self-esteem was
lower than Pakistani girls’ self-esteem in all domains. Chinese girls’ social
self-acceptance was significantly higher than Chinese boys’ self-esteem, and
for other domains, there was no significant gender difference. Girls don’t
differ significantly between both countries with respect to competence in
social and academic fields and acceptance in physical and academic fields.
Additionally Chinese prefer to express their self-esteem in competency terms
and Pakistanis value acceptance terms to express their self-esteem. This study
would help policy makers to design an intervention based on the information
provided in this paper that would help Pakistani adolescents feel esteemed in
academic and social fields.