TITLE:
Anti-Erythrocyte Alloimmunisation in the RH System during Chronic Kidney Disease: Frequency in Patients at the Yaoundé I University Teaching Hospital
AUTHORS:
Josué Simo Louokdom, Romaric De Manfouo Tuono, Kévine Nelly Dedjo, Prisca Yngrid Meupia Tekam, Foutse Yimta, Peguy Martial Mbianda Tchuessi, Maryline Seuko Njopwouo, Pierre René Fotsing Kwetche
KEYWORDS:
Terminal Renal Disease, Alloimmunisation, Alloantibodies
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Access Library Journal,
Vol.10 No.3,
March
31,
2023
ABSTRACT: Background: Blood transfusion is a medical procedure that consists in administering total blood or blood products to requiring patients. In case of transfusion incompatibility, de-immunization occurs in the recipient. Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to determine the post-transfusion frequency of anti-erythrocyte alloimmunisation developed in patients with terminal renal disease. Methods: For this purpose, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted for two months at the Yaoundé I University Teaching Hospital. The participants were patients enrolled at the Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis of this health facility. Alloantibodies were detected and identified by the direct Coombs and red blood cell tests. Data analysis was conducted with tools from the statistical software R-version 4.1.1. Results: Forty-six patients with terminal renal disease were enrolled out of which 41% were women and 59% were men with the overall prevalence of anti-erythrocyte alloimmunisations (anti-rhesus alloimmunisations), at 47.82%. The frequencies of antigens from the Rh system were 89.13%, 67.39%, 78.26%, 32.61% and 30.43% for “D”, “E”, “e”, “C”, and “c” antigens, respectively. Further findings revealed the “O” group as the most common blood group (43.47%) while the rates of alloantibodies were 60% for IgG, 32% for IgM and 8% for IgA. Conclusion: According to these foundings and aiming at reducing anti-erythrocyte alloimmunisation, it appears crucial to limit blood transfusions to their strict indications and to ensure that extended phenotyping is conducted prior to isogroup blood transfusions, otherwise, the best indicated.