TITLE:
Hydro-Alcoholic Leaf Extract and Fractions of Codiaeum variegatum (var. Mollucanum) Exhibited an Improved Anti-Amoebic and Moderate Anti-Oxidant Potential
AUTHORS:
Sylvain Pechangou Nsangou, Carine Matsingang Fondjou, Charifa Ngbetnkom Mandou, Sunil Kumar, Mfotie Njoya Emmanuel, Frederic Nico Njayou, Rakesh Sehgal, Paul Fewou Moundipa
KEYWORDS:
Codiaeum Variegatum, Amoebiasis, Antiamoebic, Antioxidant
JOURNAL NAME:
American Journal of Plant Sciences,
Vol.14 No.3,
March
31,
2023
ABSTRACT: Amoebiasis, classified as the third intestinal parasitic infection,
represents a public health problem in low-income countries where hygiene and
sanitation conditions are poor. With the resurgence of resistant pathogenic
strains as well as ancestral considerations in developing countries such as
Cameroon, many people rely on medicinal plants to treat a plethora of diseases.
This work aimed to highlight the anti-amoebic and
anti-oxidant potential of Codiaeum
variegatum extracts and fractions. The anti-amoebic potential of C. variegatum was assayed on the polyxenic culture of the clinical isolates of E. histolytica. Then, the anti-oxidant
potential of the ethanolic/hydroethanolic extracts and fractions was evaluated
through DPPH radical scavenging, iron reduction (FRAP), lipid
peroxidation inhibitory potential and total antioxidant capacity tests followed
by the determination of phenolic compound and flavonoid content. It was found
that the fractionation process decreased the amoebicidal
activities of C. variegatum leaf
extracts. However hydroethanolic extract (CI50: 10.08 ± 0.42, 5.18 ±
0.09, 5.18 ± 0.09 μg/mL respectively after 24, 48 and 72 hours) was more active
than ethanolic extract (CI50: 15.59 ± 6.17; 9.61 ± 2.37; 6.26 ± 3.22
μg/mL respectively after 24, 48 and 72 hours). Interestingly, the activities of
hydroethanolic extract were significantly
non-different compared to metronidazole CI50:
8.42 ± 0.44, 6.45 ± 0.22 and 3.42 ± 0.33 μg/mL, respectively after 24, 48 and 72 hours). Ethanolic
extract and EF5 showed higher Phenolic compound contents and higher antioxidant
activity than hydroethanolic extract and other fractions through DPPH radical scavenging power (EC50 = 311.50 ± 4.12 μg/mL) and total antioxidant capacity (44 ± 0.07 mgEAA/gF). However, these activities are
significantly lower than those of ascorbic acid (EC50 = 31.20 ± 4.39 μg/mL, and 61.34 ± 4.42 μg/mL respectively). This low antioxidant activity
was confirmed by poor phenolic and flavonoid compounds contents found in the
extracts and fractions. The
present result brings a new approach
to the ethnopharmacological uses of C.
variegatum against dysentery in cases associated with Amoebiasis in Cameroun.