TITLE:
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria Associated with Sepsis among Hospitalized Patients in the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital—Cameroon
AUTHORS:
Lavoisier Christian Ngassa Yimtchi, Benjamin D. Thumamo Pokam, Abange William Baiye, Anicette Chafa Betbeui, Hontense Kamga Gonsu, Watching Djakissam
KEYWORDS:
Septicaemia, ESBLs, MRSA, Antimicrobial Resistance, Yaoundé
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Medical Microbiology,
Vol.13 No.1,
March
24,
2023
ABSTRACT: Background and Objective: In developing
countries, the steep increase in septicaemia cases is a major health problem
that creates the biggest challenge for clinicians in the selection of
appropriate antimicrobial agents. This is further complicated by the
development of resistance in organisms to antimicrobial agents, which is the
mainstay of treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial
resistance patterns of bacterial isolates associated with sepsis among
hospitalized patients including the detection of Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and
Extended Spectrum Beta lactamases (ESBLs). Methods: A cross-sectional
study was carried out for 5 months at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital.
Bacterial species were isolated from 150 blood samples collected from
hospitalized patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out
using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The isolates were tested for
methicillin resistance and ESBLs. Results: The
prevalence of septicaemia was 16% (24/150) among hospitalized patients. In our study, 75% (18/24) of infections
were caused by Gram- negative and 25% (6/24) by Gram-positive
bacteria. Klebsiella spp., Escherichia
coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the
isolates showed that Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to Amoxicillin
clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone while the Gram- positive bacteria were highly resistant to
minocycline. Fifty percent (3/6) of the isolated S. aureus were methicillin-resistant and
27.8% (5/18) of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae were ESBLs producers. In
multivariable logistic regression analysis, temperature above 37.9℃ (AOR = 4.455; 95% Cl = 1.458 - 15.693; p = 0.033) and being under respiratory assistance (AOR = 4.311; 95%
Cl = 1.458 - 12.749; p = 0.008) were significantly associated with septicaemia. Conclusion: The Occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains in this study emphasizes the need
for continuous surveillance in hospitals to detect resistant strains. Strict
guidelines for antibiotic therapy and the implementation of infection control
measures to reduce the increasing burden of antibiotic resistance are
advocated.