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Ke, Z., Oton, J., Qu, K., Cortese, M., Zila, V., McKeane, L., Nakane, T., Zivanov, J., Neufeldt, C.J., Cerikan, B., Lu, J.M., Peukes, J., Xiong, X., Krausslich, H.-G., Scheres, S.H.W., Bartenschlager, R. and Briggs, J.A.G. (2020) Structures and Distributions of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins on Intact Virions. Nature, 588, 498-502.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2665-2

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Therapeutic Implications of Monoclonal Antibody

  AUTHORS: Mohammad Shane Alam, Farhana Riyaz Shah, Muntser Mohammad Fadoul Alhassen, Saif Elden B. Abdalla, Abdul Mateen, Md. Shakir Ahmad

  KEYWORDS: Monoclonal Antibody, Cancerous Cell, Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD), Immune System, SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, Vol.11 No.3, March 21, 2023

  ABSTRACT: Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a distinct public health issue that calls for the quick development of novel treatments and viral detection. Due to their high specificity and reliability, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as useful diagnostic and therapeutic tools for a variety of diseases. As a result, several scientists have jumped right into developing Ab-based assays for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 and Ab drugs for use as COVID-19 therapy agents. Since the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is essential for viral infection and has a known precise structure, it has become a key target for the creation of therapeutic antibodies. The use of Ab cocktails is anticipated to be a key component of an efficient COVID-19 treatment plan since SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus with a high mutation rate, particularly when subjected to the selection pressure of aggressively applied preventive vaccinations and neutralizing Abs. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection could provoke an overzealous immune response, leading to a cytokine storm that accelerates the onset of a severe disease. Abs to counteract cytokine storms are also actively being researched as COVID-19 therapies. Abs are now used in SARS-CoV-2 detection assays, including immunoglobulin and antigen tests, in addition to their use as medicines. In order to stop the spread of COVID-19, such Ab-based detection tests are essential surveillance tools. In this article, we’ll go over several important ideas related to mAb-based COVID-19 pandemic detection tests and treatments. Objective: To understand the role of hybridoma technology in therapeutic implications. 1) To study the basic concepts and options in hybridoma technology; 2) To study the applications of hybridoma technology; 3) To explore how hybridoma technology is applied in diagnostic histopathology. Method: For this method generally there is use of mouse or mammals are transfect with the Ags to find out the formation of antibody afterwards isolate the antibody which has been formed after injecting the antigens for a number of weeks. Following are the steps for mAbs: Step 1: In this step immunization of mouse is done; Step 2: Spleen is used for the isolation of B cells; Step 3: Cultivation of cancerous cells; Step 4: Merging of B cells with Myeloma cells; Step 5: This step cell lines are separated; Step 6: in the next step screening the suitable cell lines; Step 7: observation of multiplication in vitro as well as in vivo; Step 8: Harvesting. Discussion: Now a day there are many diseases which has been cured easily at the mean time it’s very difficult to diagnose and get the treatment. Due to advancement of monoclonal antibodies are used in the diagnosis and treatments such as COVID-19, SARS and SARS COV-2. Therefore important part of the monoclonal antibodies are its used in the diagnosis as well as in the treatment tools.