TITLE:
Cartilage Wear in Healthy and Osteoarthritis Joints
AUTHORS:
Zenon Pawlak, Raghuvir Pai
KEYWORDS:
Cartilage Surface, Friction (Cartilage/Cartilage), Osteoarthritis (OA), Surface Active Phospholipids (SAPL)/or Surface Amorphous Layer (SAL), Deactivated Phospholipids, Wear
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Orthopedics,
Vol.13 No.2,
February
28,
2023
ABSTRACT: This study is designed to determine whether the outermost layer of articular cartilage is deficient in Osteoarthritis (OA). Phospholipids present in healthy and osteoarthritis (OA) synovial fluid show significant differences in their concentration. While examining the surface properties of OA joints, we found that OA PLs molecules cannot support lubrication, and increased friction was observed. Our lubrication mechanism was based on a surface active phospholipids (SAPL) multibilayer which in OA condition was deactivated and removed from the cartilage surface under OA conditions. Cartilage wettability study clearly demonstrated a significant decrease in hydrophobicity, the contact angle, θ (theta), dropping from 103° from bovine healthy cartilage to 65° in surface partially depleted and 35.1° for completely depleted surface. These results are discussed in the context that surface active phospholipid (SAPL) and lubricin, each has specific roles in a lamellar-repulsive lubrication system. However, deactivated phospholipid molecules are major indicator of cartilage wear (model) introduced in this study.