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Berger, A. N. (1993). Distribution-Free Estimates of Efficiency in the U.S. Banking Industry and Tests of the Standard Distributional Assumptions. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 4, 261-292.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01073413

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Measuring the X-Efficiency of Saudi Banks: Case Study Pre and Post-Coronavirus Crisis

  AUTHORS: Tazarki Walid, Asaaf Filfilan

  KEYWORDS: Cost Function, X-Efficiency, Economies of Scale, Economies of Scope, Coronavirus Pandemic

  JOURNAL NAME: Theoretical Economics Letters, Vol.13 No.1, February 17, 2023

  ABSTRACT: By specifying a translog cost function and applying the DFA (Data Frontier Approach) model, the objective of this paper was to determine the x-efficiency, economies of scale and economies of scope for Saudi banks during the period 2017-2022. Subsequently, the model compares bank efficiency before and after corona pandemic. The empirical results indicate that the measure of x-inefficiency (around 7% to 19% of costs) dominates scale inefficiency (around 5% of costs), moreover, there is no difference in efficiency before and after the coronavirus pandemic.