TITLE:
Confirmation of the First Law of Thermodynamics in Theory and Extended Bernoulli Equation
AUTHORS:
Chengshu Jin
KEYWORDS:
First Law of Thermodynamics, Chemical Thermodynamics, Bernoulli Equation, Static Pressure Head, Friction
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics,
Vol.11 No.2,
February
13,
2023
ABSTRACT: The internal energy change of ideal gas does not depend on the volume and pressure. The internal energy change of real gas has not any relation with the volume and pressure, which had been proved. If the internal energy change had not any relation with the volume and pressure, we could confirm the first law of thermodynamics in theory. Simultaneously, the internal energy change is the state function that shall be able to be proved in theory. If the internal energy change depended on the volume and pressure, we could not prove that the internal energy change is the state function and the chemical thermodynamics theory is right. The extended or modified Bernoulli equation can be derived from the energy conservation law, and the internal energy change, heat, and friction are all considered in the derivation procedure. The extended Bernoulli equation could be applied to the flying aircraft and mechanical motion on the gravitational field, for instance, the rocket and airplane and so on. This paper also revises some wrong ideas, viewpoints, or concepts about the thermodynamics theory and Bernoulli equation.