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Nam, R.K., Zhang, W.W., Klotz, L.H., Trachtenberg, J., Jewett, M.A.S., Sweet, J., Toi, A., Teahan, S., Venkateswaran, V., Sugar, L., Loblaw, A., Siminovitch, K. and Norad, S.A. (2006) Variants of the hK2 Protein Gene (KLK2) Are Associated with Serum hK2 Levels and Predict the Presence of Prostate Cancer at Biopsy. Clinical Cancer Research, 12, 6452-6458.
https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1485

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Association of Haplotypes in Exon 4 of KLK2 Gene with Raised Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen

  AUTHORS: Innocent S. I. Ogbu, Ogochukwu A. Nwankwo, Chinemere C. Ogbu, Emmanuel Nna, Kingsley K. Anya, Malachy O. Odoh, David C. Obasi

  KEYWORDS: Prostate Cancer, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Kallikrein 2 Gene, Genetic Mutations, Haplotypes, Short Nucleotidepolymorphism

  JOURNAL NAME: American Journal of Molecular Biology, Vol.13 No.1, January 20, 2023

  ABSTRACT: The standard diagnostic modalities for Prostate Cancer (PC) include serum Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) assay, Digital Rectal Examination (DRE), and histological examination of prostate biopsy. They are limited by low predictive potential and inability to predict which patients are at risk of developing metastatic disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the exon 4 of the KLK2 gene of subjects for changes in its nucleotide sequences (SNPs) and determine the correlation of these changes with serum PSA in an Igbo population of Nigeria. One hundred male subjects aged 40 years and above, who gave their consent, were used for the study. Their PSA determinations were done using ELISA technique while genetic studies were carried out using real-time PCR. tPSA, fPSA, and % fPSA of the subjects ranged between 0.8% - 18.30%, 0.10% - 1.60% and 0.0% - 0.7% respectively. Of the 100 subjects, 28 subjects had tPSA levels above 4.0 ng/ml with a mean of 7.10 (±3.30) ng/ml. Those with tPSA less than 4 ng/ml had a mean of 1.87 (±0.85) ng/m. 15 subjects showed SNPs with a mean tPSA of 6.87 (±4.82) ng/ml while the remaining 85 subjects without SNPs had a mean of 1.86 (±0.80) ng/ml. Results from direct DNA sequencing showed 11 SNPs. Ten subjects are curated in SNP database while one is uncurated. The Chi-square test showed significant association (p = 0.00) between tPSA levels and SNPs mutation (X2 = 17.35, p = 0.00). A Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated that the positional arrangement of the SNP mutations had no effect on PSA-total or free-values (H (10) = 10.92, p = 0.28; H (10) = 10.07, p = 0.38 respectively). Two SNPs: rs6072 and rs74478031 were associated with elevated PSA levels (p