TITLE:
Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Broiler Chickens in Yaoundé Capital City of Cameroon
AUTHORS:
Cecile Ingrid Djuikoue, Charlène Nkouankou Tomi, Cedric Seugnou Nana, Müller Fotsac, Moffo Frédéric, Willy Yamdeu Djonkouh, Andrea Tchouotou Didi, Cedric Ngalani Toutcho, Abel Wade, Venant Tchokonte-Nana
KEYWORDS:
Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, Escherichia coli, Antibiotic Resistance, Broiler Chicken, Yaoundé, Cameroon
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Medical Microbiology,
Vol.12 No.4,
December
29,
2022
ABSTRACT: Background: Escherichia coli are ubiquitous
bacteria colonising both humans and animals. Extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli has been selected as a
suitable indicator for the monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial
resistance. Death due to resistant bacteria is continuously rising in Cameroon, but the contribution of the aviary sector is not well studied.
Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the resistance profile of extended
spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli strains, isolated from faeces of broiler chickens in
Yaoundé, capital city of Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional
descriptive study was carried out from February to June 2020. Escherichia coli were isolated from
samples of broilers in poultry farms in Yaoundé and submitted to the extended
spectrum β-lactamase screening. The
logistic regression was used to assess the statistical association of a
significance threshold p-value of 0.05. Results: Out of 385 faecal
samples collected in broiler farms, 114 Escherichia coli isolates were obtained
out of which 30 (26.32%) were Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases-producing Escherichia coli. These isolates revealed
high resistance to all antibiotic families. Poor storage conditions for feeds
and the proximity to latrines, the troughs on the ground, the lack of foot bath
and uniforms, the inadequate treatment of faeces, the poor usage of preventive
antibiotics and the lack of water treatment have been identified as risk
factors to faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli. Conclusion: This
work reveals the emergence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases-producing Escherichia coli in poultry farms in
Yaoundé and the failure in the biosecurity system. As such, the awareness of
poultry breeders on the respect of biosecurity measures may be an effective
tool to tackle antimicrobial resistance, specifically in livestock industries
using a One Health approach.