TITLE:
COVID-19 Related Organ Damage
AUTHORS:
Rohit Mittal, Harmel Singh Chahal, Gurpreet Singh Sandhu
KEYWORDS:
Myocardial Damage, Corona Virus, Liver, Kidney
JOURNAL NAME:
Advances in Infectious Diseases,
Vol.12 No.4,
December
13,
2022
ABSTRACT: Coronavirus particles contain four main structural proteins. These are the spike (S), membrane (M), envelope (E), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, all of which are encoded within the 3’ end of the viral genome. The S protein (~150 kDa) utilizes an N-terminal signal sequence to gain access to the ER, and is heavily N-linked glycosylated. In view of the increase in death due to COVID-19 (coronavirus disease), it is important to investigate the potential effects the coronavirus on different organs. A literature search was performed from Elsevier, Pubmed, Springer, and Hindawi, and literature is reviewed using customized search strategies. The search strategy included the following terms Cardiovascular effect, Neurological effect, and kidney. Myocardial damage is a common occurrence in patients with COVID-19 disease hospitalisation. This is characterized by a rise in troponin. Vascular endothelial damage in both small and mid-sized pulmonary vessels was noted together with Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and Pulmonary embolism (PE), resulting in pulmonary infarction. Liver damage in patients with coronavirus infections might be directly caused by the viral infection of liver cells. Neuronal pathway is an important vehicle for neurotropic viruses to enter the CNS (Central Nervous system). Recent research studies show that apoptosis is implicated in a variety of ocular disorders, including glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, cataract development, retinoblastoma, retinal ischemia, diabetic retinopathy, and ocular murine glaucoma. The more the understanding about this new virus and its occurrence, the better the ability of people to cope with it. It’s far hoped that we will conquer COVID-19 soon with the invention of powerful vaccines, pills, and remedies.