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Kuokkanen, H., Korkala, O., Antti-Poika, I., Tolonen, J., Lehtimaki, M.Y. and Silvennoinen, T. (1991) Three cancellous bone screws versus a screw-angle plate in the treatment of Garden I & II fractures of the femoral neck. Acta Orthopaedica Belgium, 57(1), 53-57.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The effect of moment arm length on high angled femoral neck fractures (Pauwels’ III)

  AUTHORS: Matthew S. LePine, William R. Barfield, John D. DesJardins, Langdon A. Hartsock

  KEYWORDS: Pauwels’ Fracture, Biomechanical Testing, Fixation

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Vol.3 No.5, May 27, 2010

  ABSTRACT: This study investigated loads among five fixation types (FT) [three cannulated screws (CS), dynamic hip screws with and without derotational screws (DHS-DS and DHS), and dynamic helical hip screws with and without derotational screws (DHHS-DS and DHHS)] across three fracture moment lengths (ML) in Pauwels’ Type III fractures. Methods: Seventy-five sawbones were tested (5 FT × 5 trials × 3 ML). The study hypothesis was that significant differences in axial loading to failure would be demonstrated when CS was compared with the other four FT at the three MLs. Each construct was exposed to an axial compressive load to failure. Construct failure was defined as 5 mm of migration at the fracture site or fixation failure. Shapiro-Wilk was used to test for data normality. Subsequently, independent t-tests with Bonferroni correction was used for paired comparisons. Results: At fracture Moments A and B there were no statistical differences between CS and the other FT. At fracture Moment C all four FT yielded significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) loads compared with CS. Conclusions: for basicervical fractures CS is a suboptimal form of fixation compared with DHS and DHHS both with and without derotation screws.