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Padmanabhan, T. (2005) An Invitation to Astrophysics. In: World Scientific Series in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 8, World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore.
https://doi.org/10.1142/6010

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: How Initial Degrees of Freedom May Contribute to Initial Effective Mass, i.e. Effective Mass of the Universe Proportional to (D.O.F.) to the 1/4th Power by an Enormous Initial Degree of Freedom Value

  AUTHORS: Andrew Walcott Beckwith

  KEYWORDS: Degrees of Freedom, Effective Mass, Hubbles Parameter

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology, Vol.8 No.4, October 25, 2022

  ABSTRACT: Using a relationship between Hubble’s “parameter”, Temperature, Energy and effective mass, from there obtain in 3 + 1 dimensions a relationship between effective mass, and the initial degrees of freedom, to the 1/4th power, we will discuss candidates for entry into this, assuming for a start that initial universe conditions are similar to a black hole, i.e. a nearly singular start to inflationary expansion; this would necessitate a HUGE initial degree of freedom value as outlined in our argument.