TITLE:
Effect of Antenatal Depression on Fetal Growth Outcomes at the Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
AUTHORS:
Bwatyum Annah Gyang, Umar Musa, Agbir Terkura Michael, Gyang Mark Davou, Obindo James Taiwo
KEYWORDS:
Depression, Antenatal Depression, Fetal Weight, Fetal Growth Rate, Birth Weight
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Psychiatry,
Vol.12 No.4,
October
20,
2022
ABSTRACT: Background: Depression is the most prevalent
psychiatric disorder in pregnancy and it is associated with psychosocial and
obstetric factors. Studies have shown that pregnancy does not prevent women
from becoming depressed; rather, it may be a time when depression occurs for the first time in
some women. Antenatal depression has been identified as a risk factor for post
natal depression, adverse obstetric outcomes, poorer neonatal outcomes and
higher growth retardation in infants. Purpose: This study aimed to determine
the fetal growth outcomes among depressed pregnant women in their third
trimester attending antenatal clinic at the Jos University Teaching Hospital
(JUTH), Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Method: A prospective cohort study design was used to assess
514 women who consented to the study (256 cases and 258 controls). A socio-demographic questionnaire was given to the women to
fill out the study entry. Edinburgh Post Natal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to
screen for depression and MINI neuropsychiatric interviews were used to diagnose depression in those women found to be at risk of depression
using the EPDS. Ultrasonography was used to determine the fetal weight in the third trimester of pregnancy.
The birth weight of the babies born to the women was obtained from the birth
register in the labor ward and the fetal growth rate was calculated from the estimated
fetal weight on ultrasound scan in late pregnancy and the birth weight of
babies. Result: The mean fetal weight in the third trimester for non-depressed women was slightly higher than in
depressed women though the difference was not statistically significant (P =
0.431). The difference in the mean calculated fetal growth rate for fetuses of non-depressed women in the third trimester was
statistically significantly higher than in depressed women (p = 0.000).
Depressed women also had babies with lower birth weight than non-depressed women and the difference was statistically
significant (p = 0.00).