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Ali, M.J., Mishra, D.K., Baig, F., Lakshman, M. and Naik, M.N. (2015) Punctal Stenosis: Histopathology, immunology, and Electron Microscopic Features—A Step toward Unraveling the Mysterious Etiopathogenesis. Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 31, 98-102. https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0000000000000204

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Topical Cyclosporine-A for Management of Epiphora in Eyes with Acquired Punctal Stenosis

  AUTHORS: Mona Abdelhamid Nassief, Ameera Gamal Abdelhameed, Sherein Mahmoud Hagras

  KEYWORDS: Cyclosporine A, Epiphora, Munk Grading, Ocular Surface, Punctal Stenosis

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol.12 No.3, August 19, 2022

  ABSTRACT: Background: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an inhibitor of calcineurin that prevents T-cell production of inflammatory cytokines and disrupts the immune-mediated inflammatory response that plays a crucial mechanism in punctal stenosis. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and tolerances of CsA in treating epiphora in eyes with punctal stenosis. Study Design: Prospective study. Methods: The study included patients who presented with symptomatic epiphora associated with lower punctal stenosis during the period between July 2019 and December 2020. Patients were treated with topical 0.05% CsA on twice daily dose with topical preservative-free artificial tears Q.I. D. Patients were followed up monthly for at least 3 months by Munk epiphora grading, Fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDT) and evaluation of the patient satisfaction. Results: A total of 26 patients with 47 eyes were included in the study with a mean age of 55.1 ± 10.24 years. All the eyes had grade 0 lower punctal stenosis with grade 4 on Munk grading and grade 3 in FDT. There was a statistically significant difference in the Munk grading and FDT along the follow-up period compared to the baseline values (p rd month. None of the patients encountered any complications during treatment. Conclusion: CsA can control the inflammation of the conjunctival sac and restore the integrity of the ocular surface with subsequent symptomatic relief of the epiphora in eyes with punctal stenosis.