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Abdin, A.E., Afify, A. and Adel, A. (2011) Comparative Analysis of Egyptian Water Policy and Water Framework Directive. In: Junier, S., et al., Eds., Dialogues on Mediterranean Water Challenges: Rational Water Use, Water Price versus Value and Lessons Learned from the European Water Framework Directive, CIHEAM, Bari, 169-179.

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• TITLE: A Study of the Causes of Damage to the Walls of the Karnak Temples, Which Are Built of Mud Bricks, Luxor and Suggested Methods of Treatment

  AUTHORS: Elashmawy Ahmed Abd-Elkareem

  KEYWORDS: Karnak, Mud Bricks Walls, Hydrogeology, XRD, SEM, XRF, Decay, Durability, Treatment

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Geology, Vol.12 No.7, July 29, 2022

  ABSTRACT: Mud bricks were made in Egypt from the Nile silt, which is a mixture of clay and sand, which is sometimes mixed with pieces of organic materials and then mixed with water to make mud bricks, the oldest mud bricks were found in tombs dating back to Naqada and in Abydos, and parts of the central state pyramids were built from it, geological study and hydrogeology of the site were studied, mud bricks were studied by XRD and SEM, the main components and properties were studied, the mud bricks were made according to a local technique in industry and construction, the walls of Karnak temple become weak fragile materials due to their exposure to various damaging factors, the study put a recommended treatment of damaged mud bricks walls which surrounded of Karnak temple.