TITLE:
Guidelines for the Prevention of Symptomatic Cardiovascular Disease, Based upon the Presence of Coronary Artery Calcified Plaque—Provided by the Society for the Prevention of Symptomatic Heart Disease
AUTHORS:
David S. Schade, Scott Obenshain, Martin Hickey, Jennifer Febbo, Samuel Wann, Robert Philip Eaton
KEYWORDS:
Symptomatic Cardiovascular Disease, Coronary Artery Calcium Scan, Myocardial Infarction, Cardiovascular Risk, Atherosclerosis, Risk Equations
JOURNAL NAME:
World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases,
Vol.12 No.6,
June
29,
2022
ABSTRACT: Introduction: The epidemic of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Western World accounts for the majority of morbidity and mortality in adults. This disease is on the increase, and previous recommendations using “riskequations” to prescribe preventive treatment have not been successful in reducing the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, compliance with statin medication has been limited, with approximately 50% of individuals being non-compliant within five years. This situation is unacceptable since atherosclerosis is both preventable and reversible. Methods: The guidelines presented in this article utilize coronary artery calcium scanning as the basis for preventative therapeutic decisions and identifying the presence of asymptomatic cardiovascular disease. This radiographic technique is superior to “risk equations” in predicting future cardiovascular events. It provides a comprehensive assessment of the lifelong insults to the coronary artery vascular endothelium and the resulting inflammation. Coronary artery calcium scanning is widely available, inexpensive, safe, and reproducible. It has the major advantage of increasing treatment compliance in patients with positive coronary artery calcium scores. Results: All suggested guidelines are supported by published scientific data. Citations are provided to allow the reader to obtain further information. The authors are available for further consultation. Each guideline provides specific recommendations that the primary caregiver can discuss with the patient. Patient involvement in decision-making is strongly recommended. Both treatment costs and adverse effects are minimal. Conclusion: It is anticipated that the early identification of asymptomatic cardiovascular disease and its aggressive treatment will result in regression of subclinical atherosclerosis. Adoption of these guidelines will stop the epidemic of symptomatic heart disease and result in healthier and more satisfied patients.