TITLE:
Microbiome Diversity Analysis of the Bacterial Community in Idah River, Kogi State, Nigeria
AUTHORS:
Deborah Ebunoluwa Adedire, Adijat Ozohu Jimoh, Zainab Kashim-Bello, Bilyaminu Adam Wase Shuaibu, Oluwabukola Atinuke Popoola, Kabiru Isa Pate, Onyinye Stainless Uzor, Eno Etingwa, Jumoke Florence Joda, Oyetola Olanrewaju Opaleye, Victoria Adejoke Ogunlowo, Kehinde Rukayyat Adeniran, Oyekanmi Nashiru
KEYWORDS:
Idah River, Dada2, PacBio Sequencing, Bacterial Diversity, Amplicon Sequence Variants
JOURNAL NAME:
Advances in Microbiology,
Vol.12 No.5,
May
31,
2022
ABSTRACT: The analysis of bacterial diversity in aquatic systems particularly in rivers, lakes, and streams can provide useful data on the effect of anthropogenic activities on such water bodies to humans and fishes. Idah River, the focal point of this study, is an offshoot of the two major Nigerian rivers characterized by observed human activities and pollution sources. Water samples were collected from four designated sites and assessed for their bacterial assemblages and structure, using PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing technology. The full length of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced, and Amplicon Sequence Variants were generated using the DADA2 workflow optimised for PacBio long-read amplicons in Rstudio. A total of 8751 high-quality reads obtained were taxonomically classified as 24 phyla, 42 classes, 84 orders, 125 families, 156 genera, and 106 species. Taxonomical composition revealed Proteobacteria as the most abundant phyla across all sample sites. At the genera level, Azospira (57.03%) was the most dominant ASV in Docking Point A, while Acinetobacter (66.67%) was the most abundant ASV in Docking Point B. In Idah Axis Confluence, hgcl clade (65.66%) was the most prevalent ASV, whereas Holophaga (42.86%) was the most common ASV in Idah Axis Midstream. Genera analysis also revealed that 12.9% of the total ASVs were discovered across all sample sites. Among these were pathogenic bacteria, reducers, and degraders of domestic and animal wastes. Observed results provide evidence that sampled sites of Idah River are contaminated, most likely through constant human activities and thus, could have an impact on resident fishes as well. This study, therefore, agrees with a previous report from the river, which used standard microbial procedures. However, next-generation sequencing techniques employed revealed more bacterial community than the former, including unresolved taxonomic sequences that may be novel.