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U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2018) Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on the Agency’s Scientific Evidence on the Presence of Opioid Compounds in Kratom, Underscoring Its Potential for Abuse.
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/statement-fda-commissioner-scott-gottlieb-md-agencys-scientific-evidence-presence-opioid-compounds

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The Identification of Prenatal Exposure to Mitragynine Using Umbilical Cord Tissue

  AUTHORS: Mary Ellen Wright, Donna Coy, Joseph Jones, Andre Sukta, Amy Racines, Mary Jones

  KEYWORDS: Kratom, Mitragyna Speciose, Mitragynine, Umbilical Cord, Prenatal Exposure, Maternal Drug Use

  JOURNAL NAME: American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Vol.13 No.4, April 28, 2022

  ABSTRACT: Objective: Kratom is widely available and literature exploring the effects of prenatal kratom exposure is lacking. This study aims to report a validated method for the detection of mitragynine in the umbilical cord and report our observations for specimens received at a national commercial reference laboratory. Study Design: Assays were validated according to the recommendations of ANSI/ASB. A retrospective evaluation of records at a national reference laboratory was conducted to determine prevalence and co-exposure to other substances of abuse. Result: Mitragynine was detected in 19 of 4456 specimens (0.43%) with concentrations ranging from 4 to >50 ng/g. Thirteen (13) of these specimens were positive for only mitragynine while the other 6 were also positive for either marijuana or opiates. Conclusion: Umbilical cord is a suitable specimen type for the surveillance of maternal kratom use and can be used to identify exposed neonates for further investigations into short- or long- term health consequences.