TITLE:
Hematological Toxicity during Breast Cancer Chemotherapy in Pointe-Noire (Congo Brazzaville)
AUTHORS:
C. F. S. Ngatali, A. F. BoLenga Liboko, Y. Mabiala, D. Moukassa, J. B. Nkoua-Mbon
KEYWORDS:
Breast Cancer, Chemotherapy, Hematological Toxicity, Congo Brazzaville
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Cancer Therapy,
Vol.13 No.3,
March
21,
2022
ABSTRACT: Introduction: The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of hematological toxicity during breast cancer
chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: This was
a cross-sectional descriptive study that took place in the cancerology and internal medicine department during the
period from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021, i.e. a period of 1 year. Were included in our study: patients with
and histological diagnosis, and having received at least two cycles of
chemotherapy and having presented hematological toxicity: anemia and/or
neutropenia. The variables studied were: Age, level of study, socioeconomic level, stage of extension, type of
chemotherapy, type of toxicity: neutropenia and anemia. Bivariate
analysis was done between anemia, neutropenia and type of chemotherapy. Results: The average age of the patients was 50.35 ± 13.6 years. The extremes were
27 years and 79 years old. The most represented age group was the age group
from 37 to 46 years with 18 cases or 33.33%. The most represented level study
in our study was the primary level 63%, followed by secondary level 26% and the
upper or superior level 11%. Metastatic stage of location was represented in
16.6% of cases, the local stage was represented in 16.7% of cases. The most
common chemotherapy used was FAC protocol in
50% of cases, followed by FAC + DOCETAXEL in 47% of cases, AC protocol
was used in 3% of cases. The most represented grade of neutropenia was grade 3
in 53% of cases, followed by grade 2 in 27% of cases and grade 1 in 20%. Grade
1 anemia was the most represented in 70% of
cases, followed respectively by grade 2 in 27%. The majority of patients had received more than 3 courses of chemotherapy in
83% of cases. Grade 3 neutropenia was
observed mostly in the advanced stages, 15 cases at the locoregional stage. Grade 1 anemia was most common
in patients who received more than 3 courses of chemotherapy. The FAC
chemotherapy protocol was responsible for more grade 3 anemia in 14 cases.
FAC-type chemotherapy was associated with grade 3 and 2 neutropenia in 8 cases
and 4 cases, but the results were not significant. FAC + DOCEAXEL type
chemotherapy was also responsible for grade 3 and 2 neutropenia in 8 cases and
4 cases P > 5%
respectively. Conclusion: Hematological toxicity in the context
of our limited resources is dominated by anemia and neutropenia. The knowledge
of this hematological toxicity is necessary for the limitation of the delay of
chemotherapy.