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IHS-Market Analysis (2020) Produced Water from Onshore US Oil and Gas Activities to Decline to Nearly 20 Billion Barrels Annually; Reach $28 Billion in Value by 2022, IHS Markit Says.
https://news.ihsmarkit.com/prviewer/release_only/slug/2020-04-02-produced-water-from-onshore-us-oil-and-gas-activities-to-decline-to-nearly-20-billion-barrels-annually-reach-28-billion-in-value-by-2022-ihs-markit-says#:~:text=HOUSTON%20(April%202%2C%202020),in%20critical%20information%2C%20analytics%20and

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Produced Water from Oil and Gas Exploration—Problems, Solutions and Opportunities

  AUTHORS: Feras Salem, Thies Thiemann

  KEYWORDS: Produced Water, Oil Exploration, Gas Exploration, Water Treatment Methodology, Membrane Separation, Arabian Peninsula

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol.14 No.2, February 25, 2022

  ABSTRACT: Large volumes of water are generated in gas- and oil-production. This includes the water that is present originally in the reservoirs, but also water that is injected into the wells. While currently much of the produced water is either reinjected or disposed of after treatment, treated produced water is increasingly seen as an interesting resource, especially in water-scarce regions. This review looks at different PW treatment methods available, with an emphasis on the management of PW in oil- and gas production on the Arabian Peninsula.