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Rodó, X., Baert, E. and Comin, F.A. (1997) Variations in Seasonal Rainfall in Southern Europe during the Present Century, Relationships with the North Atlantic Oscillation and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Climate Dynamics, 13, 275-284.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820050165

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Diurnal Cycle of Heating and Water Vapor in the Metropolitan Area of Porto in Portugal

  AUTHORS: Hugo Abi Karam, Jorge Fernando Soares Gonçalves, Augusto José Pereira Filho

  KEYWORDS: Metropolitan Area of Porto (Oporto) Climatology, Urban Heat Island Development, Urban Boundary Layer, Mesoscale Atmospheric Circulations

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Geographic Information System, Vol.14 No.1, February 25, 2022

  ABSTRACT: In this work, it is investigated the Urban Heat Island (UHI) using conservative thermodynamic variables observed by surface weather stations on the Metropolitan Area of Porto (Oporto) in Portugal, under adiabatic conditions at the surface. These conditions are usually present and associated with the development of a mixture layer into the diurnal Convective Boundary Layer (CBL), which residual layer in the late afternoon defines the initial state for the development of the nocturnal UHI. Both the spatial structure and temporal variation of potential temperature and specific humidity were considered, along the hours and days of the year, from a statistical point of view, resulting in hourly climatology. Details of the hourly evolution of the meteorological variables on the Oporto surface are presented and discussed. Results show a seasonal variation of the potential temperature up to 17°C throughout the year, which is associated with horizontal thermal gradients that can control and trigger mesoscale circulations such as sea-land, urban and valley-mountain breezes.