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Durnford, D., McWhorter, D. B., Miller, C. D., Swanson, A., Marinelli, F., & Heather, T. (1997, October). DNAPL and LNAPL Distributions in Soils. Experimental and Modelling Studies.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235103269_DNAPL_and_LNAPL_Distributions_in_Soils_Experimental_and_Modeling_Studies

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Ground Penetrating Radar Survey for the Location and Assessment of the Hydrocarbon Plumes at Gas Station Installations

  AUTHORS: Jose Vicente Fuente, Rubén Diego, Roberto Fabregad

  KEYWORDS: GPR Survey, Time-Frequency Analysis, Instantaneous Amplitude, Slice Tomography, 3D-Reconstruction, Gas Station

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, Vol.9 No.12, December 17, 2021

  ABSTRACT: The present paper describes the implementation of GPR 3D survey for detecting and delineating possible remains of hydrocarbon plumes on a gas station. The 3D-imaging was used for the detection of anomalous zones that were analyzed with some relevant signal attributes extracted by digital signal processing. These signal attributes or parameters have been the frequency of the maximum energy concentration on time-frequency distribution and instantaneous amplitude that could be related to the local response of the electromagnetic interaction and the presence of hydrocarbon plumes or soil contaminated areas. The implementation methodology took place at a gas station monitored with a piezometric sensor installation with soil layer information. The 3D-imaging of processed data and its slicing tool permits visualizing expected targets as pipes, tanks and installations in the subsoil exposing the anomalous zones for refined analyses. This further processing has used some spectral attributes of the signal to assess the real presence of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) providing a new effort to simplify and overcome the current state of the geophysical methods able to assess the presence of hydrocarbon plumes in industrial environments regarding the time cost of the survey and the traceable indication of the spectral shiftment shown in the plume volume.