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Rial, F. I., Pereira, M., Lorenzo, H., Arias, P., & Novo, A. (2007). Vertical and Horizontal Resolution of GPR Bow-Tie Antennas. In 4th International Workshop on, Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (pp. 187-191). IEEE.
https://doi.org/10.1109/AGPR.2007.386549

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Detection and Delineating of Hydrocarbon Contaminants by Using Time and Frequency Analysis of Ground Penetrating Radar

  AUTHORS: José Vicente Fuente

  KEYWORDS: Time-Frequency Analysis, Instantaneous Amplitude, GPR Survey, Hydrocar-bon Products

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, Vol.9 No.12, December 15, 2021

  ABSTRACT: This paper provides the results of using ground penetrating radar (GPR) method to detect hydrocarbon products (diesel and gasoline) in a controlled lab test. The work addresses the environmental problem generated by the uncontrolled leakage of hydrocarbon products and the subsequent contamination of plumes in the subsoil. Most of the research proposes the geophysical techniques to evaluate the plumes but some controversial were discussed on how it affected the electrical and dielectric response depending on the excitation of the non-invasive method. The present work focuses on a comparative analysis of some signal attributes of the GPR traces to determine under what premises the detection is properly done. These signal attributes were from the time and frequency domain as attenuation coefficient, instantaneous amplitude and frequency have been considered to analyze three different soil samples. The laboratory tests consist of buried liquid (total hydrocarbon of petroleum, so called TPH) bags in the soil sample boxes reveal the range of target detection and consistency of data on the controlled test regarding the dielectric soil characterization and the delimiting position and depth. Instantaneous amplitude and time-frequency shift are revealed as promising signal attributes to accurate detection of the TPH presence. Numerical simulation data were also carried out to interpret the signal reflections on radargrams and to confirm experimental trends and the benefits of using the above signal attributes in time-frequency domain.