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Smith, H.C., Vacek, P., Johnson, R.J., Slauterbeck, J.R., Hashemi, J., Shultz, S. and Beynnon, B.D. (2012) Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Review of the Literature-Part 2: Hormonal, Genetic, Cognitive Function, Previous Injury, and Extrinsic Risk Factors. Sports Health, 4, 155-161.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738111428282

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Evaluation of Accuracy of Clinical Examination and MRI on Diagnosing Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Meniscal Tears in Comparison to Diagnostic Arthroscopy among Patients Attending at Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute

  AUTHORS: Hellen Machagge, Felix Mrita, Mohamed Muhamedhussen, Billy Haonga, Cuthbert N. Mcharo

  KEYWORDS: MRI, Clinical Examination, Diagnostic Accuracy, ACL, Meniscal

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Orthopedics, Vol.11 No.12, December 7, 2021

  ABSTRACT: Routine use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as screening test after clinical diagnosis for meniscal and/or anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has a detrimental effect on patients in limited resourced countries. This study was done to compare accuracy of clinical examination and that of (MRI) on diagnosing meniscal and or (ACL) tears. Methodology: A cross-sectional-descriptive study was done on 57 knees of patients. Clinical examination, MRI and then diagnostic arthroscopy, as the gold standard, were done to all the cases. Results were recorded; the accuracies of MRI and clinical examination were evaluated and their results were compared. Results: Median age of patients was 40 years. Clinical examination had sensitivity of 93.62% and specificity of 40% for diagnosing meniscal tears; and sensitivity of 100%; and specificity of 97.67% for diagnosing ACL tear. MRI had sensitivity of 85.11%, and specificity of 40% for meniscal tear diagnosis and 71% and 100% respectively for ACL tear diagnosis. Diagnostic accuracy was 84.21% for meniscal and 98.24% for ACL tears by clinical examination and by MRI was 77.19% and 92.98% respectively. Conclusion: Clinical examination has higher accuracy than MRI on diagnosing both ACL and meniscal tear. Thus patients may be scheduled for diagnostic and interventional arthroscopy if clinical examination reveals meniscal and or ACL injuries. MRI use should be reserved when clinical evaluation is inconclusive or cannot be done.