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M. J. Forrestal, B. S. Altman, J. D. Cargile and S. J. Hanchak, “An Empirical Equation for Penetration Depth of Ogive-nose Projectiles into Concrete Targets,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1994, pp. 396-405.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Optimum Shape of High Speed Impactor for Concrete Targets Using PSOA Heuristic

  AUTHORS: Francesco Ragnedda, Mauro Serra

  KEYWORDS: Impactor; Optimization; Particle swarm; Global Search

  JOURNAL NAME: Engineering, Vol.2 No.4, May 4, 2010

  ABSTRACT: The present paper deals with the optimum shape design of an absolutely rigid impactor which penetrates into a semi-infinite concrete shield. The objective function to maximize is the depth of penetration (DOP for short) of the impactor; in the case of impactors with axisymmetric shapes DOP is calculated using formulas obtained by Ben-Dor et al. [1-3] with the method of local variations [4] and based on the mechanical model proposed by Forrestal and Tzou [5]. In the present paper we show that using a different class of admissible functions, more general than the axisymmetric one, better results can be obtained. To solve the formulated optimization problem we used a custom version of the particle swarm optimization method (briefly denoted by PSOA), a very recent numerical optimization algorithm of guided random global search. Numerical results show the optimal shape for various types of shields and corresponding DOP; some Ben-Dor et al. [1-3] results are compared to solutions obtained.