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Weber, W. (1978) Differential Encoding for Multiple Amplitude and Phase Shift Keying Systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 26, 385-391. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1978.1094074

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Metrology of Optical Communication Systems Using Error Vector Magnitude

  AUTHORS: Irshaad Fatadin

  KEYWORDS: Carrier Phase Recovery, Error Vector Magnitude (EVM), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Vol.9 No.11, November 23, 2021

  ABSTRACT: Error vector magnitude (EVM) as a performance metric for M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) formats in optical coherent systems is presented. It is shown that the calibrated BER, which would otherwise be under-estimated without the correction factor, can reliably monitor the performance of optical coherent systems near the target BER of 10-3 for quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 16-QAM, and 64-QAM employing carrier phase recovery with differential decoding to compensate for laser phase noise. The impact on the number of symbols used to estimate the BER from EVM analysis is also presented and compared to the BER obtained by error counting.