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Harley, R.M., Atkins, S., Budantsev, A.L., Cantino, P.D., Conn, B.J., Grayer, R., Harley, M.M., Kok, R., Krestovskaja, T., Morales, R., Paton, A.J., Ryding, O. and Upson, T. (2004) Labiatae. In: Kadereit, J.W., Ed., Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol. 7, Springer, Berlin, 167-275.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18617-2_11

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Biomonitoring the Vitex gardneriana Shauer (Lamiaceae) Toxic Effects to Shed Light on Bioactive Compounds against a Major Coconut Pest Mite

  AUTHORS: Anderson Soares de Almeida, Caroline Rabelo Coelho, Mirele Santana de Sá, Edson de Souza Bento, Alberto Wisniewski Junior, Adenir Vieira Teodoro, Haroudo Sátiro Xavier, Jose Guedes de Sena Filho

  KEYWORDS: Bioassay, Toxicity, Phytochemistry, Terpene, Biopesticides, Biorational Control

  JOURNAL NAME: American Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol.12 No.11, November 5, 2021

  ABSTRACT: The coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae), is a major pest of coconut plantations (Cocos nucifera L.) worldwide. Here, we conducted a bioguided phytochemical approach using toxicity and repellency bioassays of nonpolar extract and its fractions of Vitex gardneriana Schauer (Lamiaceae) leaves to this pest. Nonpolar crude extract was fractionated by column chromatography using solvents with increased polarity and binary mixtures, resulting in five semipurified groups. The biomonitoring bioassay provided active fractions and led to the isolation and characterization of the bioactive compound squalene, a biosynthetic precursor of 20-hydroxyecdysone, which plays an important role in plant defense against arthropods. The LC50 of the crude extract of V. gardneriana for A. guerreronis was estimated to be 0.185 mg·mL-1 and LC80 = 4.123 mg·mL-1. Also, the extract was highly repellent to this pest for up to 24 h. The fractions of V. gardneriana, and also squalene, caused mortality to A. guerreronis. The potential of V. gardneriana fractions/squalene as biopesticides for controlling A. guerreronis in coconut plantations is discussed herein.