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Uchino, M., Yokoi, N., Uchino, Y., Dogru, M., Kawashima, M., Komuro, A., Sonomura, Y., Kato, H., Kinoshita, S., Schaumberg, D.A. and Tsubota, K. (2013) Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease and Its Risk Factors in Visual Display Terminal Users: The Osaka Study. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 156, 759-766.E1.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2013.05.040

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Changes in Tear-Film Status and Ocular Surface Disease Index Score Following Prolonged Use of Face Mask

  AUTHORS: Nawreen Binte Anwar, Basil Anwar, Arup Krishna Choudhury, Mahfuza Rahman Khan, Md. Anisur Rahman

  KEYWORDS: Tear-Film Break up Time, Schirmer-1, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Face-Mask

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol.11 No.4, November 1, 2021

  ABSTRACT: Background: Dry eye is characterized by tear film instability, decreased tear volume and a high Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score. Face masks have been linked to dry eye complaints in recent studies. Purpose: To evaluate the changes in tear-film status and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score following prolonged use of face mask. Design: Cross-sectional study. Method: Patients between 18 to 70 years using masks regularly for at least 2 hours/day for at least 5 days/week from different eye-care centres in Dhaka were included. All subjects were divided into 4 groups. Mask use lasted approximately 2 hours/day in Group 1, 4 hours/day in Group 2, 6 hours/day in Group 3 and 8 hours or more/day in Group 4. Evaluation of symptoms, tear- film stability and tear volume was done by Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores, Tear-film Break-Up Time (TBUT) and Schirmer-1 test. Average of right & left eye’s Tear-film Break Up time (TBUT) and Schirmer-1 value were noted. Results: Total 100 patients were enrolled (n = 100). The TBUT (p Conclusion: Patients who wore masks for prolonged time had tear film instability, reduced tear volume and higher Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score.