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Cranston, N. C. (2002). School-Based Management, Leaders and Leadership: Change and Challenges for Principals. International Studies in Educational Administration, 30, 2-12.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Principal and Teacher Leadership Competencies and 21st Century Teacher Learning and Facilitating Practices: Instrument Development and Demographic Analysis

  AUTHORS: Kasri Kadri, Azlin Norhaini Mansor, Mohamed Yusoff Mohd Nor

  KEYWORDS: Competencies, Leadership, 21st Century Teacher Learning and Facilitating, Principal

  JOURNAL NAME: Creative Education, Vol.12 No.9, September 27, 2021

  ABSTRACT: The skills of principal and teachers play an essential part in the Malaysianworld of education, which is working to achieve quality education in pedagogy, curriculum, management and management of an educational organisation. This survey was conducted to refine and validate the principal leadership competencies and teacher leadership competencies and 21st Centurylearning and facilitating practices of teachers in secondary schools. The validity and reliability of the principal and teacher leadership competences and 21st century learning and facilitating practices of teachers’ instrument have been tested in the exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. For the whole scale, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient was 0.98. Demographics revealed that the principal leadership competencies and teacher leadership competencies as well as 21st Century learning and facilitating practices of teachers was at a high level.