TITLE:
Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Polymorphisms in Coronary Artery Disease: An Overview of Experimental and Clinical Studies
AUTHORS:
Jorge Luis Bermudez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo Dagio-Cuellar, Cristina Villarreal-Guerrero, Ana Gilabert-Garcia, Luis Angel Ferral-Barbabosa, Joaquin Berarducci, Jose Luis Siller-Nava, Jose Antonio Luna-Alvarez-Amezquita, Javier Iván Armenta-Moreno, Nilda Espínola-Zavaleta, Erick Alexanderson-Rosas, Juan Ignacio Straface
KEYWORDS:
Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5), Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE), Angiotensinogen (AGT), Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor (AT1R), Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor (AT2R), Polymorphisms
JOURNAL NAME:
World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases,
Vol.11 No.7,
July
9,
2021
ABSTRACT: Heart diseases are the main cause of mortality in Mexico, being coronaryheart disease the most frequent in the country. Its high prevalence makes importantthe study of the pathophysiology and the search for prognosticfactors. Different genes and polymorphisms promote atherogenesis and coronary artery disease, they affect inflammatory and vascular pathological processes.Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is associated with coronary heart disease, it promotes chronic inflammation and cytokines release; it could trigger immune reactions and its activating receptors express in the vascular endothelium. Besides, polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are implied with coronary disease, they are found in angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes. These genetic polymorphisms are associated with a prothrombotic state, endothelial dysfunction, and immune activation. Multiple experimental studies showed that chronic activation of RAAS and chronic expression of IRF5 generates an environment prone to the development of atherosclerosis, and autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases. Studying these specific genes and their relationship with coronary heart disease will allow a better understanding of the pathological process and possibly the quest for new treatments.