TITLE:
Phenotipic Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Gabon
AUTHORS:
Annicet-Clotaire Dikoumba, Richard Onanga, Pierre Philippe Mbehang Nguema, Laurette G. Mangouka, Berthe Amélie Iroungou, Fabrice Kassa Kassa, Berthold Bivigou Mboumba, Elvire Mbongo Kama, Jean-Fabrice Yala, Edgard-Brice Ngoungou, Sylvain Godreuil
KEYWORDS:
Gabon, Antibiotic Resistance Profiles, Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), Carbapenems
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Medical Microbiology,
Vol.11 No.2,
June
17,
2021
ABSTRACT: Background: The increasing phenomenon of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a
real public health problem. The main causes are poor management of hygiene and
water quality, but also the use of antibiotics without precaution. The
objective of this study was to isolate and determine the antibiotic resistance
profile of the different bacteria found in the main hospitals and bacteriology
laboratories in Gabon. Methods: 6034 samples were taken from hospitals
in seven main cities of Gabon, and analyzed according to the usual techniques.
The pathogenic strains were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption
Ionization-Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility
testing was performed by the agar disc diffusion method, according to the
Antibiogram Committee of the French Society for Microbiology guidelines. Results: 974 pathogenic bacterial strains were found, including 890/974 (91.4%) Gram-negative bacilli. The systematic
antimicrobial susceptibility testings identified 160/974 (16.4%)
multi-resistant strains. Escherichia coli was the most represented species. 12.5% - 25% of Escherichia
coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Citrobacter sedlakii strains were
resistant to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, third and fourth generation
cephalosporins. Aminoglycoside resistance rates of 8.5% - 19%
were also noted. 4.5% to 25% of the bacteria found were resistant to quinolones
and cotrimoxazole. Resistance rates to carbapenems ranged from 1% to 10.5%. 16%
of Staphylococcus aureus were
methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Rates of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) ranged
from 2.5% to 25%. Conclusion: This study showed an increasing evolution
of bacterial resistance to antibiotics that are spreading throughout Gabon. This constitutes a threat to the health of Gabonese population.