TITLE:
Study on Change of Topography in Water Area with Field Measurement
AUTHORS:
Satoshi Iwakami, Masahiko Tamega, Masahide Sanada, Michiaki Mohri, Yoshitaka Iwakami, Naoki Okamoto, Shuji Jimbo, Masaji Watanabe
KEYWORDS:
Underwater Topography, RTK-GPS, Echo Sounder, Triangular Mesh, Fixed Point Iteration
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection,
Vol.9 No.4,
April
30,
2021
ABSTRACT: Disastrous flood events in recent years include 2018 Japan floods (July 2018), Typhoon 19 (Hagibis, October 2019) and the following heavy rain event, and July 2020 heavy rain disaster. Such disastrous flood events are expected to occur more frequently as the climate change progresses, and it is indispensable to update information regarding water areas such as rivers, reservoirs, and coastal waters. This study demonstrates practical techniques to analyze underwater topography. Longitude and latitude components of ellipsoidal data recorded by a GPS receiver are projected to a rectangular coordinate system, and results are combined with vertical components including data recorded by an echo sounder unit so that tracks on an underwater floor are obtained. A mapping on a finite dimensional space of continuous functions over a triangular mesh is formulated, and its fixed point gives rise to an underwater floor that fits the tracks. Our techniques are illustrated with data obtained in measurement conducted in a reservoir called Kojima Lake located in Okayama Prefecture, Japan.