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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2011) E-Learning Methodologies: A Guide for Designing and Developing E-Learning Courses. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.

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• TITLE: Synchronous Versus Asynchronous: Pre-Service Teachers’ Performance in Science Formative Assessment Tests

  AUTHORS: Philip Dorsah, Abdul-Ganiu Alhassan

  KEYWORDS: Online Learning, Synchronous, Asynchronous, Pre-Service Teachers, Science Instruction

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Access Library Journal, Vol.8 No.4, April 26, 2021

  ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study was to assess the performance of pre-service teachers in three science formative assessment tests in an online learning environment. The participants consisted of 138 pre-service teachers (57 participated in synchronous session and 81 participated in asynchronous sessions). The study used a quasi-experimental design, non-equivalent groups post-test only. Tests were used to collect the data: Energy Concept Test (ECT), Teaching Energy Concept Test (TECT) and Basic Electronics Concept Test (BECT). ANOVA results revealed a significant effect of type of test on test scores of students at the p