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Atkins, P. and de Paula, J. (2016) Physical Chemistry: Thermodynamics, Structure, and Change. 10th Edition, 227-230.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Multiple Debye Spherical Layers and Universe —Gravitation Originates from Electric Force

  AUTHORS: Delong Chi

  KEYWORDS: Electric Field Superposition Principle, Gauss’s Law, Ion Atmosphere, Mul-tiple Debye Spherical Layers

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Vol.9 No.3, March 29, 2021

  ABSTRACT: Electric field superposition principle and Gauss’s law are the basis of electrostatics. By extended analysis on the electric field lines of a charge, it is shown that electric field superposition principle and Gauss’s law are not tenable in some states, involving the electric field of ion atmosphere that is a key concept in Debye-Hückel theory of electrolyte solution and plasma. Unveiling Debye shield, ion atmosphere (Debye spherical layer 1) actually is equivalent to continue to transmit the electric field originated from the central ion, just changing the direction of the electric field. Debye spherical layer 2 and multiple Debye spherical layers generate in the transmission. Due to the effect of the multiple Debye spherical layers of charged particles in the universe, gravitation originates from electric force.