TITLE:
Redefining the Shape of Numbers and Three Forms of Calculation
AUTHORS:
Ji Peng
KEYWORDS:
Shape of Numbers, Calculation Formula, Combinatorics, Congruence, Stirling Number, Eulerian Number
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Access Library Journal,
Vol.8 No.3,
March
26,
2021
ABSTRACT: This paper redefines the Shape of numbers, makes it more natural and concise, and the domain of definition is extended to ring. The inconvenient PCHG() and PH() are removed. The concept of subsets is also removed. The new definition can be used to calculate ∑n-0N-1Πi-1M (Ki+n×Di)
∑ni,j-0j-N-1Πi-1M (Ki+ni,j×Di), ni,j≤ni+1,j or ni,j=ni+1,j; Ki,Di∈ring. Three forms corresponding to three calculation methods are obtained. They can be used as a powerful tool for analysis. Some of the conclusions are: 1) Expressions and properties of two kinds of Stirling number, Lah number and Eulerian number; 2) Expression of power sum of natural numbers; 3) Vandermonde identity, Norlund identity; 4) New congruence and new proof of Wilson theorem; 5) ∑n-1P-1≡0 MOD P2, P>3; 6) ∑C-0C-M-1(-1)M-1-C∑PM(PS)-M,PB(PS)-CMIN(PS)=1.