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Xia, J.B., Liu, G.H., Chen, Z.Y., Mao, C.Z., Zhou, D.C., Wu, H.Y., Park, K.S., Zhao, H., Kim, S.K., Cai, D.Q. and Qi, X.F. (2016) Hypoxia/Ischemia Promotes CXCL10 Expression in Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells by NF-κB Activation. Cytokine, 81, 63-70.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2016.02.007

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Substrate Stiffness Affected the Inflammatory Response of SMCs

  AUTHORS: Xiuli Mao, Lixuan Mao, Hong Zhang, Yiling Tan, Huali Wang

  KEYWORDS: Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, Substrate Stiffness, Inflammatory Response, NFκB

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, Vol.9 No.3, March 22, 2021

  ABSTRACT: The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is accompanied by chronic inflammation with changes in the stiffness of the coronary artery wall. Being the main component of the vascular media, the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are crucial to maintain blood vessel function. SMCs are mechano-sensitive, which can rapidly adapt to the fluctuations in the microenvironment of the blood vessel, including the subtle changes of the vascular stiffness. However, how substrate stiffness influences the phenotype and inflammatory response of SMCs is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of substrate stiffness on SMCs phenotype, inflammatory gene expression and the nuclear factorkappa B (NFκB) signaling pathway of vascular SMCs. From 1 kPa to 100 kPa, the SMCs cytoskeleton became more and more organized with the increase of the substrate stiffness, representing by the uniformed distribution of the stress fibers. SMCs cultured on both soft (1 kPa) and hard (100 kPa) substrate increased the expression of macrophage marker CD68 molecule (CD68) and Galectin 3 (LGALS3) and the inflammatory gene Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) than those on 40 kPa substrate. Moreover, the protein expression level of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor (p-IκB) was higher on either soft (1 kPa) or hard (100 kPa) substrate. In consistent, the dephosphorylated IκB showed a higher expression level on the substrate stiffness of 40 kPa. These results suggested that substrate stiffness played an important role in SMCs cell morphology, phenotype and inflammatory response by affecting NFκB signaling pathway.