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Finniss, D. G., Kaptchuk, T. J., Miller, F., & Benedetti, F. (2010). Biological, Clinical, and Ethical Advances of Placebo Effects. The Lancet, 375, 686-695. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61706-2

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• TITLE: The Integration of Mainstream Psychotherapies in an Epistemological Framework

  AUTHORS: Zhizhong Kai

  KEYWORDS: Epistemology, Psychotherapy, Integration, Key Elements, System

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.9 No.1, January 15, 2021

  ABSTRACT: Different forms of psychotherapy often construct theories and techniques based on different epistemological frameworks. Because of epistemological conflicts, some psychotherapy seems incompatible with each other. However, the problems encountered in psychotherapy are complex and multifaceted, and each psychotherapy has shown its shortcomings. So many researchers and practitioners were trying to use a combination of treatment techniques and integrate various psychotherapy in a treatment plan. Integrating different schools of psychotherapy requires an epistemological framework that can accommodate different psychotherapy to help them develop their strengths and prevent conflict. This paper proposed an epistemological framework based on system theory and the uncertainty principle. Through this framework, this paper attempted to reinterpret some of the mainstream psychotherapy and identified the underlying factors that are effective in their treatment. Finally, this paper put forward the methods and directions of integrating these psychotherapies into an epistemological framework.