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Kjeldsen, T. R., Stewart, E. J., Packman, J. C., Fowell, S. S., & Bayliss, A. C. (2005). Revitalisation of the FEH/FSR Rainfall-Runoff Method. Joint DEFRA/EA Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management R+D Programme. R+D Technical Report. FD 1913/TR.

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• TITLE: A 249-Year Record of Floods at Appleby in Westmorland, UK

  AUTHORS: Colin Clark

  KEYWORDS: Historic Floods, Flood Frequency Analysis, Joint Probability Analysis, Human Responses

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, Vol.8 No.12, December 4, 2020

  ABSTRACT: An analysis of nearly 250 years of flood records on the river Eden at Appleby-in-Westmorland has enabled a flood frequency relationship to be established. The most severe floods were in the late 18th and early 19th century. With such a long history of flooding, some remedial measures would have been expected but the local people have, to some extent, adapted to the flood hazard by means of temporary and permanent flood proofing methods such as a cemented board across a doorway and removable flood boards. These measures were overwhelmed during the 2015 flood, as were the flood gates installed by the Environment Agency in 1998. A higher level of protection from floods at Appleby is called for.