TITLE:
A Triterpene Glycoside Fraction, TG from Gymnema sylvestre Ameliorates Insulin Resistance by Stimulating Glucose Uptake in 3T3L1 Adipocytes and C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells
AUTHORS:
Shenoy S. Rashmi, Haravey Krishnan Manonmani
KEYWORDS:
Insulin Resistance, Gymnema sylvestre, GLUT-4, PPAR-γ, Glucose Uptake
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Biosciences and Medicines,
Vol.8 No.11,
November
19,
2020
ABSTRACT: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which is characterized by insulin resistance in muscle and adipose tissues is a major problem worldwide. Plant based medications are well known from ancient times for possessing antidiabetic properties. Amongst them, Gymnema sylvestre (GS) is one such antidiabetic medicinal plant which has been used traditionally over the years for the treatment of T2DM. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of triterpene glycoside (TG), an active fraction isolated from ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre (EEGS) on a battery of targets; glucose transporter (GLUT- 4), peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), adiponectin and leptin involved in glucose transport and metabolism. No cytotoxic effects were observed in treated cells up to 600 μg/ml of TG as measured by MTT and ROS assays. Elevation of GLUT-4 and PPAR-γ by TG in association with glucose transport supported the upregulation of glucose uptake at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/ml respectively. Additionally, TG showed higher expression of adiponectin and leptin, confirming the favorable pharmacological effect of TG on insulin resistance. The results were comparable to the known antidiabetic drug pioglitazone and commercial standard DAG. Thus TG could be considered as a safe nutraceutical candidate/functional phytoingredient in amelioration of insulin resistance.