TITLE:
Systematic Review on the Epidemiology and Management of the Dry Eye Disease in Sub-Saharan Francophone Africa
AUTHORS:
Rodrigue Romuald Elien Gagnan Yan-zaou-tou, Guirou Nouhoum, Bakayoko Seydou, Dicko Mahamat Adam, Sissoko Modibo, Sidibé Mohamed Kolé, Mbaïkoua Jean Michel, Mananu Innocent Adubango, Hann T. Fadimé, Sylla Aly, Diabaté Nagnan Cheick Rahim, Diarra Modibo
KEYWORDS:
Dry Eye Disease (DED), Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, Sub-Saharan Francophone Africa
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Ophthalmology,
Vol.10 No.4,
November
12,
2020
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a multifactorial affection
of the tears and the ocular surface. Its prevalence in the world varies between
7% and 33%. To the best of our knowledge, the prevalence of DED in Subsaharan
Francophone African countries is not yet known. The objectives of this
systematic review were to determine the prevalence of DED, to identify the main
risk factors for DED, and to determine the diagnostic and therapeutic management
of DED in Subsaharan Francophone African countries. Methodology: This is a systematic review of articles, dealing
with DED, published in English or French language from 2010 to 2020. The
following key words (Prevalence OR Incidence OR Proportion OR Rate OR Frequency
OR Epidemiology OR Distribution) AND (Risk
Factors OR Influences) AND (Symptoms or Questionnaire) AND (Clinical
Signs OR Clinical Tests) AND (Dry Eye Disease OR Dry Eye Syndrome) AND
(Pharmacological Treatment OR Non-pharmacological Treatment OR Management) AND
(Benin OR Burkina Faso OR Burundi OR Cameroon OR Cap-Green OR Central African
Republic OR Congo OR Congo (Democratic Republic of) OR Ivory Coast OR Gabon OR
Guinea OR Guinea-Bissau OR Equatorial Guinea OR Mali OR Madagascar OR Mauritius
(island) OR Niger OR Rwanda OR Sao Tome and Principe OR Senegal OR Seychelles
OR Chad OR Togo) in French and English were searched on Pubmed, Chocrane
database, Google scholar and ICTRP. Articles in English and French were
selected from 2010 to 2020. Results: We selected 05 articles on the epidemiology and management of DED in
sub-Saharan francophone Africa. The prevalence of DED in sub-Saharan
francophone Africa in the articles ranged from 7.5% to 90.4%. DED affects more
women than men. The risk factors found were: age over 50 years, diabetes, meibomian
gland dysfunction, prolonged use of computers, and glaucomatous anti-glaucoma
drugs. The Test of Breack Up Time (TBUT) was commonly used for the clinical
diagnosis of dry eye disease in Sub-Saharan Francophone Africa. The therapeutic
strategy for DED was not mentioned in any article. Conclusion: DED, a multifactorial and blinding eye disease, is insufficiently
explored by eye health professionals in sub-Saharan Francophone Africa. The
implementation of a systematic screening program and strategies for the
treatment of dry eye disease in at-risk individuals would be beneficial for
sub-Saharan Francophone African countries.