TITLE:
Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Index of Gram-Negative Bacteria from Bird Droppings in Two Commercial Poultries in Enugu, Nigeria
AUTHORS:
Ruth Asikiya Afunwa, Johnpaul Ezeanyinka, Emmanuel Chijindu Afunwa, Adaeze Suzzy Udeh, Angus Nnamdi Oli, Marian Unachukwu
KEYWORDS:
Antibiotic, Poultry, Gram Negative Bacteria, Multi-Drug Resistance, Antibiotic Susceptibility
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Medical Microbiology,
Vol.10 No.4,
November
5,
2020
ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial resistance refers to the ability of microorganisms to grow
in the presence of an antimicrobial agent at a concentration that will normally
kill or inhibit their growth. Antimicrobial resistance has become a major
global threat making treatment of infections tougher especially with high cost
of treatment in humans and animals. This study was done to determine the
Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Index (MARI) of Gram-negative bacteria from bird
droppings in two commercial poultries in Enugu. Forty (40) samples were
collected from each of the poultries. Isolates were identified by standard
microbiological methods. The isolates identified were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter spp, Proteus spp. and, Enterobacter spp. Antibiotic susceptibility testing
was carried out using disc diffusion technique. The organisms were tested
against pefloxacin, augmentin (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid), ceftazidime,
streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, cephalothin, neomycin and ofloxacin.
The result of the susceptibility test showed that Proteus spp had the
highest resistance and MARI value of 0.5 and 1.0 respectively. The other MARI values were Escherichia coli (0.9), Klebsiella pneumonia (0.9), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.8), Citrobacter spp (0.8) and Enterobacter spp (0.7). These
results suggest that bacterial organisms from poultry source can contribute
significantly to the spread of multi-antibiotic resistant organisms. This could
arise from the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in bird feeds in poultries.