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Vigne, G. T. (1842). Travels in Kashmir, Ladakh, Iskardoo (Vol. II, p. 280). London: Colburn Press. Shawl Signifies a Kind of Very Soft and Delicate Woolen Fabrics of Kashmir Made from the Fleece of a Goat Reared Exclusively in the Mountainous Regions of Ladakh and Tibet. Al shal (Arabic). Shal (Persian), and Shawl (English). All Denote a Rectangular Piece of Woolen Cloth of Kashmir Worn on Shoulders. In Persian “Shal” Also Means a Garment Usually Worn on Shoulders. In Sanskrit We Find Words Like Shalmai, Sal and Sala Which Respectively Mean “the Silk-Cotton Tree”, to Shine, “Be Endowed with” and “Fence” and Indicate the Quality Which the Kashmir Shawl Is Famous for Throughout the World. Across the Northern Mountains of the Valley There Is the Land of Dards in Whose Language “sha” Means the Shawl-Wool Goat. Mr. Vigne Visited This Land in the 19th Century and Found That the “Sha” Is a Tragelaphus, or Goat Dear, Which Furnishes Wool Profusely. It Is Most Probable the Origin of the Term Shawl Is in “Sha”.

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• TITLE: Impact of the International Crises on the External Trade of Kashmir (1870-1947 A.D)

  AUTHORS: Brijish Jahan, Parvez Ahmad

  KEYWORDS: Artistic Excellence, Trade, Demand, Imports, Exports, Market, War, Decline

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.8 No.10, October 26, 2020

  ABSTRACT: War destroyed the communities and families in Europe and disrupted the developments of the social and economic fabric. But there were countries/regions which were not directly involved in these wars, had to face the same impact. For example, Kashmir situated on the fringes of the Indian sub-continent was equally affected by these International Crises. With the completion of Jehlum Valley Cart Road in 1890, trade increased manifold with Europe. But unfortunately, the involvement of European countries in war from 1870-1945 A.D, reduced the demand of highly praised luxurious items of Kashmir viz. Shawl, carpets, papier-mache, woodcarving, embroidery, woolens, silver item etc. Engagement of these governments in the gigantic war efforts: in which the whole economic activity was directed towards war industries, Kashmir while heavily relying on the foreign countries for its trade had to suffer.