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Hammer, S.S., Beli, E., Kady, N., Wang, Q., Wood, K., Lydic, T.A., Malek, G., Saban, D.R., Wang, X.X., Hazra, S., Levi, M., Busik, J.V. and Grant, M.B. (2017) The Mechanism of Diabetic Retinopathy Pathogenesis Unifying Key Lipid Regulators, Sirtuin 1 and Liver X Receptor. EBioMedicine, 22, 181-190.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.07.008

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Fatty Liver Linked to Reduced Frequency of Ocular Complications in T2DM

  AUTHORS: Comlan Jules Gninkoun, Sylvie A. Ahn, K. Daniel Amoussou-Guenou, Evariste Bouenizabila, Michel F. Rousseau, Michel P. Hermans

  KEYWORDS: Fatty Liver, Type 2 Diabetes, Microangiopathy, Retinopathy, Coronary Artery Disease, Lipoprotein(a)

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Diabetes Mellitus, Vol.10 No.3, August 12, 2020

  ABSTRACT: Purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is comorbid to obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is unclear whether NAFLD constitutes a direct risk factor for macrovascular disease in T2DM. This study aimed at revisiting the cardiometabolic traits linked to NADL and micro-/ macrovascular complications in a biethnic Caucasian and African cohort. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 568 of T2DM patients (515 Caucasians; 53 Africans) in whom the presence of NAFL was identified by ultrasonography and the cardiometabolic phenotype was exhaustively characterized, including carbohydrate homeostasis, comprehensive lipidogram including Lp(a), cumulative exposure to hyperglycemia, and prevalent micro/macrovascular complications. Results: FL was present in 73% of Caucasians and 36% of Africans (p − in both groups. A marked reduction in diabetic retinopathy (DR), ocular hypertonia and cataracts were found in FL+ of the two ethnicities. In FL+ Caucasians, relative risk of DR was −38%, cataracts −35%, and ocular hypertonia −42%. In FL+ Africans, risk of overall microangiopathy was −66% and that of DR −86%. Conclusions: An inverse association was observed between NAFL and the presence of diabetic retinopathy, cataract and ocular hypertonia. The ophthalmoprotection conferred by liver steatosis was found in Caucasians and Africans. Among the latter, hepatic steatosis was linked to lower lipoprotein(a) levels. There was no association between hepatic steatosis and prevalent macrovascular complications in neither of the two ethnic groups.