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Liu, Y., Ersson, M., Liu, H., Jonsson, P.G. and Gan, Y. (2019) A Review of Physical and Numerical Approaches for the Study of Gas Stirring in Ladle Metallurgy. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 50, 555-577.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-018-1446-x

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Lance Design for Argon Bubbling in Molten Steel

  AUTHORS: Servando De la Cruz, Miguel A. Barron, Dulce Y. Medina, Joan Reyes

  KEYWORDS: Bottom Injection, Bubble Plume, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Lance Design, Molten Steel, Open Eye

  JOURNAL NAME: World Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol.8 No.3, July 24, 2020

  ABSTRACT: Three lance designs for argon bubbling in molten steel are presented. Bottombubbling is considered too. Geometries considered are straight-shaped, T-shaped, and disk-shaped. The bubbling behavior of these lances is analyzedusing Computational Fluid Dynamics, so transient three dimensional,isothermal, two-phase, numerical simulations were carried out. Using the numerical results, the bubble distribution and the open eye area are analyzed for the considered lance geometries. The plume volume is calculated from the open eyeareaand the lance immersion depth using geometrical considerations. Among the three lance designs considered, disk-shaped lance has the bigger plume volume and the smaller mixing time. As the injection lance is deeper immersed,the power stirring is increased and the mixing time is decreased.