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Hornung, V., Ellegast, J., Kim, S., Brzozka, K., Jung, A., Kato, H., Poeck, H., Akira, S., Conzelmann, K.K., Schlee, M., Endres, S. and Hartmann, G. (2006) 5’-Triphosphate RNA Is the Ligand for RIG-I. Science (New York, NY), 314, 994-997.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1132505

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: STAT1 and STAT2 Null Cells Are Resistant to RNA-Induced Apoptosis Due to Deficiency in Constitutive and Inducible Apoptosis-Regulating Genes

  AUTHORS: Farag Bleiblo, Paul Michael, Chilakamarti V. Ramana, T. C. Tai, Joseph E. Parrillo, Anand Kumar, Aseem Kumar

  KEYWORDS: STAT1, STAT2, Apoptosis, Bacterial RNA

  JOURNAL NAME: American Journal of Molecular Biology, Vol.10 No.3, July 7, 2020

  ABSTRACT: Although much progress has been made in identifying the signaling pathways that mediate viral RNA-induced apoptosis and activation of interferon-stimulated genes, the role that bacterial RNA plays in regulating these responses has remained undetermined. Herein, we identified bacterial RNA as a novel inducer of the apoptotic cell death. Unlike the parental cells, STAT1 and STAT2 mutants display apoptotic defects which were reversed by restoring the expression of wild type proteins. While STAT1 mutants lacking tyrosine-701 or a functional SH2 domain were effective as the wild-type protein in restoring the apoptotic response, the mutant carrying a point mutation at serine-727 of STAT1 was resistant to bacterial RNA-induced apoptosis. We also determined that the lack of apoptosis in the STAT1 and STAT2 mutants was correlated with the constitutive and inducible activation of apoptosis regulating proteins. Furthermore, we show that bacterial RNA induces transcriptional activation of STAT1, STAT2, IRF1, and ISGF3, which was impaired in STAT1 or STAT2 mutants. These observations suggested that the participation of STATs in regulating the apoptotic response is independent of their downstream functions as cytokine-induced transcriptional activators. In addition to bacterial immunity, the results presented here may also have implications in cellular pathophysiology and RNA-based therapy.