TITLE:
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) in Saudi Arabia: Time to Wake up. A Systematic Review (1980-2018)
AUTHORS:
Mir Sadat-Ali
KEYWORDS:
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip, Congenital Hip Dislocation, Congenital Subluxation of the Hip, Congenital Dysplasia of the Hip, Saudi Arabia
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Epidemiology,
Vol.10 No.2,
April
26,
2020
ABSTRACT: The objective of this systematic literature review was to assess the incidence of DDH among the Saudi Arabian population. Methods: A systematic review was performed for all the published articles in the English language literature on DDH in Saudi Arabia. Data sources were PubMed Medline (1980-2018) (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), Ovid Medline (1980-2018), EMBASE MEDLINE (1980 to May 2018), EMBASE (1991 to May 2018), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Science Citation Index (1966 to May 2018), published data from the Saudi Medical Journal (1985-2018) and Annals of Saudi Medicine (1985-2018). The author independently reviewed articles and abstracted the data. The key words used were Saudi Arabia developmental dysplasia of the hip ORDDH, congenital hip dislocation or congenital subluxation of the hip, and congenital dysplasia of the hip. Results: The authors identified 18 potentially relevant articles published in the last 38 years, and 10 met the inclusion criteria. The 10 studies analyzed included 2037 studies of infants diagnosed with DDH; and they gave an average incidence of 10.46/1000. Two studies (303 subjects) did not report the affected gender; in the remaining 338 were boys and 1396 were girls and one study did not report the side of affection. The majority presented after 12 months of age. The right side was affected in 532 (27.2%) affected, 734 (37.6%) were left side and 687 (35.2%) infants were affected bilaterally. Consanguinity, breech presentation, and family history were found to be the risk factors in 32.9%, 17.3%, and 23.6% of the patients, respectively. Conclusions: There is paucity of available literature on DDH in Saudi Arabia. New strategies have to be developed that include mandatory screening programs in all hospitals (private and public) so that more children can be treated by nonsurgical methods.