TITLE:
Comparative Evaluation of Thermogravimetric and Refractive Index Techniques in Determining Biodiesel Yield
AUTHORS:
Sirui Li, Ebenezer Miezah Kwofie, Michael Ngadi
KEYWORDS:
FAME, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Refractive Index, Mixing, Real-Time Monitor
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems,
Vol.10 No.1,
March
16,
2020
ABSTRACT: Biodiesel is a clean and renewable resource that consists of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acid, which could be obtained from the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils and animal fats with alcohols and catalysts. Biodiesel yield has typically been determined using expensive and laborious techniques. The attempt of this study was to examine the potential of quantifying the biodiesel conversion in real time using refractive index in transesterification process of canola oil with methanol and KOH. Biodiesel yields at five different mixing intensities and reaction times were measured using a refractometer. The measured results were then compared with analytical data obtained from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique over a temperature range of 25℃ - 600℃. Experimental results indicated that the FAME conversions at different mixing intensity and reaction time measured from refractometer correlated well to the relative weight losses from TGA method with R2 = 0.93 (p ≤ 0.05); however, the refractometer may over-estimate the biodiesel yield when the reaction rate was too low. Overall, the refractometer technique is cheaper and easier to manage and could provide a reliable prediction of biodiesel yield in real time.