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Donohue, M.J., Boland, R.C., Sramek, C.M. and Antonelis, G.A. (2001) Derelict fishing gear in the Northwestern Hawaiin Islands: Diving survey and debris removal in 1999 confirm threat to coral ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 42, 1301-1312. doi:10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00139-4

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• TITLE: Marine litter at (Al-Ghandoor area) the most northern part of the Jordanian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea

  AUTHORS: Tariq Al-Najjar, Abd Al-Wahab Al-Shiyab

  KEYWORDS: Marine Debris; Marine Litter; Gulf of Aqaba; Clean Up Dive

  JOURNAL NAME: Natural Science, Vol.3 No.11, November 23, 2011

  ABSTRACT: Composition and abundance of submerged marine litter at one selected site within a coral reef area along the Jordanian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba has been estimated. The litter was collected in a clean up voluntarily campaigns that took place in the period 19 September 2006. A total of 14613 items weighing 4112.2 kg were collected during the survey. Mean litter density in the individual sampling sites varied between about 1 and 6 items/m2 with an over all mean density of 2 items/m2. The mean weight of the collected items per sampling site varied between 0.06 and 1.81 kg/m2 with an overall mean of 0.85 kg/m2. Cans accounted for 41% of the collected items, plastic was the second most popular (38%) while glass litter was the third most abundant item (17%). By comparison, other items formed only 4% of the total items collected during the campaigns. Approximately 46% of the plastic litter consisted of fragments followed by bottles bags and containers (18%). Potential sources are pointed out and recommendations and actions to deal with the problem are suggested.