TITLE:
Exfoliative Cytology of Oral Mucosa Epithelium: Cytochemical Study and Morphologic Analysis of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
AUTHORS:
Yuki Ogura, Akira Fukatsu
KEYWORDS:
Diabetes Mellitus, Oral Exfoliative Cytology, Cytochemistry, Lectins
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Stomatology,
Vol.9 No.12,
December
9,
2019
ABSTRACT: Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic
hyperglycemia. An association between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease
has been reported. However, few comprehensive reports have examined the impact
of chronic hyperglycemia on oral mucosal epithelial cells. This study clarified
the effect of diabetes on oral mucosal epithelium cells. Methods: Cells
from 44 patients with type 2 diabetes and 10 healthy controls were collected
from the buccal mucosa, gingiva, and lateral margin of the tongue by
exfoliation. Samples were subjected to Papanicolaou staining; immunochemical
staining using anti-AGE antibody, anti-Ki-67 antibody, and anti-p53 antibody;
and lectin chemical staining. Furthermore, the nuclear area and cytoplasmic
area were measured, and the nuclear/cytoplasm ratio was calculated. Results: A chromatin condensation-like substance was found in samples from some
diabetic patients. In AGE staining, positive cells were found in both groups,
although the rate of positive cells tended to be higher in diabetic patients.
No positive findings were found for Ki-67 and p53 antibodies. PNA and RCA120
showed differences in staining between diabetic patients and controls. The
nuclear area was significantly expanded in diabetic patients (P Conclusion: These findings suggest that in patients with
persistent hyperglycemia, changes in the sugar chain terminal of the cell
surface may influence mucosal epithelial cell differentiation. The appearance
of chromatin-like substances may be an indicator of the need for better
management of type 2 diabetes.